Algeria (الجزائر) is located in northwest Africa to the beaches along the Mediterranean Sea to the north, is bordered by Tunisia in the northeast, Libya in the east, Niger in thesoutheast, Mali and Mauritania in the northwest, and Morocco in the west. The nameAlgeria is derived from the capital Algiers, which means the island (al-jazā'ir, inArabic). This may refer to the 4 pieces of the island which lies close to Algiers. Algeriais the second largest country on the African continent.
The native Berbers in Algeria have been under foreign rule for more than 3000 years.People Phoenicians (1000 BC) and Roman Republic (200 BC) was the most important, until the arrival of Arabs in the 8th century. However, the flow of conquest is not entirely in one direction; in the middle of the Fatimid Berber, came from Algeria, took over Egypt, although soon after it left North Africa.
Algeria entered the territory of the Ottoman Empire by Khair ad-Din and his brother who makes coastal base Aruj corsairs; [privateering] reached their peak in Algiers in the 1600s, after the center moved to Tripoli in Libya. On the pretext of ignoring their consuls, the French attacked Algiers in 1830, however, great resistance from a number of figures such as Emir Abdelkader made for slow conquest of Algeria, not technically completed until the early 1900s when the last Tuareg were conquered.
In the meantime, however, France has made Algeria an integral part of its metropolitan status, status that would end the fall of the Fourth Republic. Tens of thousands of settlers from France, Italy, Spain, and Malta moved across the Mediterranean to farm the Algerian coastal plains and occupy the most valuable part of the cities of Algeria, to benefit from the confiscation of land that belongs together with the French government. The Europeans breed in Algeria (the so-called pied-noir), such as native Jews of Algeria, is a full French citizens who are starting from the end of the 19th century; to show striking differences, most Muslim Algerians remained outside of French law , and do not have French citizenship or voting rights. Social composition of Algeria watered down to mean a change during this period: the literacy rate in great falls, while land grabbing most of the uprooted population.
In 1954, the National Liberation Front (FLN) launched a guerrilla war, after nearly a decade of war in the towns and villages, they succeeded in forcing the French out in 1962. On 25 September 1962, Ferhat Abbas was elected president of the provisional government, with Ahmed Ben Bella as prime minister. Most of 1.025 million pied-noir, such as harki 91,000 (pro-French Algerian Muslims), or nearly 10% of the population of Algeria in 1962, went from Algeria to France only a few months in mid-year.
The first president of Algeria, the FLN leader Ahmed Ben Bella, was thrown out by former allies and also PM, Houari Boumedienne in 1965. The country then enjoyed almost 25 years of a relatively stable a socialist party of Boumedienne and his successors.
In the 1990s, Algeria hit by a violent civil war and prolonged after the military prevented the Islamic political party, the Islamic Salvation Front took power following the first multiparty elections in the country. More than 100,000 people were killed, plumpness in the massacre of civilians are not justified, by guerrilla groups such as the Armed Islamic Group.
In December 1990, the National People's Assembly endorsed the rules of the use of Arabic as an official language of Algeria and prohibit private companies and political parties use the French language and Berber. The new law is regarded as an intolerant attitude of the government against a number of communities set in Western education and Berber community. This then led to some 500,000 people took to the streets to protest the religious and political discrimination
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